Tag Archive for: life expectancy

Life Expectancy Is More Than Living Longer

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What’s more important to you: living longer or living better with the years you have? Think about it as you read this Memo and I’ll come back to that later.

The Upside of the Study

There were three important lifestyle variables that clearly stood out (1). The more exercise you get, the better off you are. Of those who got perfect 5s, they averaged over an hour per day of exercise. Second, the lower the BMI, the better; researchers didn’t track who might have lost weight over the years to get in the lowest BMI category, but it’s clear that carrying fewer pounds helps.

Finally, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) is a score of the quality of the diet, not the quantity. The highest quintile was below 60 out of 100 possible points. That means you don’t have to eat perfectly; just eat your vegetables and fruit and fewer refined carbohydrates and sugars, and you’ll see benefits.

The Downside of the Study

The subjects were overwhelmingly white and they were nurses and doctors for the most part. Whether that translates to other races and professions, we just don’t know.

The biggest issue for me is the Food Frequency Questionnaire used in the original studies as well as the AHEI scores. Trying to remember what you’ve eaten in so many categories over a year never made sense to me; there’s just too much potential for error. There were also differences in AHEI scores between the Nurses Study (all women) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (all men). The men had an AHEI of 59 while the women in the nurses study had an AHEI of 37.5 in the groups assigned a 5. That makes no sense to me. I know the FFQ were slightly different, but the way the data are extracted to arrive at the AHEI score should have accounted for that. Are men so much better with the quality of their diet? Not buying it.

Supplements

Here’s something I found interesting. The use of a baby aspirin went up as the overall scores went up. In contrast, multivitamin use went up as the overall scores went down. To me, that means that healthcare professionals in all professions know that taking a baby aspirin is good for you. It also means that the poorer the diet, the more people try to compensate with supplements. The goal should be to complement a good diet with a multi, not try to make up for a poor one.

Amount of Time Living with Disease

I asked you a question at the beginning of this memo: what’s more important to you: living longer or living better? Right now, the average number of years spent living with some form of disease is almost 12 years (2). Not every condition is as debilitating as others, but would you rather live longer no matter what your health is or would you rather live well right up to the day you check out? Only you can answer that one. The study didn’t examine quality of life so we don’t know how the subjects did.

Here’s my guess: I would wager that the more healthy lifestyle variables you can add to your life, the longer and better you will live. Eat less. Eat better. Move more. It all starts with those six words.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

References:
1. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032047.
2. https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy.

 

How Much Does a Healthier Life Increase Life Expectancy?

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This week is about life expectancy and the results of a recent study on how to possibly extend it. Looking at lifestyle’s impact on mortality, here are the criteria researchers applied (1).

  • Smoking: never smoked
  • BMI: 18.5–24.9
  • Exercise: at least 30 minutes daily of moderate to vigorous physical activity which included brisk walking
  • Healthy diet: high diet quality score (upper 40%) of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index
  • Moderate daily alcohol intake: one drink or less for women, two or less for men

Individuals were given one point for each factor if they complied, 0 if they did not, so every person had a score between 0 and 5. The researchers then calculated predicted life expectancy for each score.

Here’s what they determined. Comparing those who had perfect 5s on their lifestyle score with those who had 0, women who were 50 years old were projected to live an average of 43 more years while men were projected to live another 37 years. For the subjects who scored 0 on the lifestyle score, the women were projected to live another 29 years while the men had another 25.5 years. That’s an additional 14 and 12 years respectively.

This was not all in or all out; the higher the lifestyle score, the longer someone was projected to live. I think it’s important to know that you don’t have to do it all at once. No matter what your current age, one significant change may help you live longer.

On Saturday I’ll wrap up this look at lifestyle and life expectancy.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

Reference: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032047.

 

U.S. Life Expectancy Is Down—Again

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Life expectancy is the average time a person might live; a baby born in 2017 will be expected to live 78.6 years according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. That’s a long time, but it could be better. After reaching a high in 2015, U.S. life expectancy decreased in 2017 (1). It was only a tenth of a year, just over a month, but it’s the second year in a row life expectancy in the U.S. decreased.

Where do other major countries stand on life expectancy? Japan still leads the world at 85 years (2). Other notable countries are Australia and Italy at 82.3 and Sweden at 82.1. Our neighbors to the north in Canada are at 81.9 years, tied with France and Norway. The lowest quartile is mostly African countries; click the second reference below to find where other countries rank. Where does the U.S. rank? In the mid-40s. Seems like we should be higher, doesn’t it?

Researchers decided to examine how lifestyle could impact life expectancy. They used data from the Nurses Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study with a combined subject pool of over 120,000 men and women who’ve been followed since the 1980s. They then calculated a health score for each subject, examined who died and what they died from over the past 30 or so years, and examined how health habits related to mortality. We’ll check out the results in Thursday’s Memo.

What are you prepared to do today?

Dr. Chet

 

References:
1. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db293.pdf.
2. http://bit.ly/2sl8TcH
3. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032047.

 

Who Decides?

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After the past two messages, I hope you’ve taken the time to think about screening tests. There are many ways to respond, from outrage to “Who cares what some obscure researchers say?” To me, it’s complicated but it always comes back to statistics.

In Tuesday’s message, the opinion voiced the concern that going against the evidence presented by the USTFPS by a political body was opening the door to more intervention based on emotion rather than fact. The facts were that more women would be faced with the stress to their minds and their bodies if they . . .

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